Sequential circuit analysis last time we started talking about latches and flipflops, which are basic onebit memory units. This will be followed by combinational and sequential circuit design. Srinivasan department of electrical engineering, iit madras. Sequential circuits together with combinatorial circuits make it possible to. Sequential circuits slide 8cmos vlsi design typical layout densities typical numbers of highquality layout derate by 2 for class projects to allow routing and some sloppy layout. Sequential circuits cmos vlsi design slide 8 typical layout densities qtypical numbers of highquality layout qderate by 2 for class projects to allow routing and some sloppy layout. Aghdam 6s and r are equal to 1 while clk 0 which causes no change in the output. For a given input combination, a sequential circuit may produce different output values, depending on its previous state. Anand kumar the new edition of this wellreceived text continues to provide coherent and comprehensive coverage of digital circuits. Consequently the output is solely a function of the current inputs. Sequential circuits can be categorized as being synchronous or asynchronous. In sequential circuits, the state of the circuit is crucial in determining the output values.
Autumn 2003 cse370 vi sequentai llogci 1 sequential logic sequential circuits simple circuits with feedback latches edgetriggered flipflops timing methodologies cascading flipflops for proper operation clock skew asynchronous inputs metastability and synchronization basic registers shift registers simple counters hardware description languages and sequential logic. Gate preparation, nptel video lecture dvd, electronicsandcommunicationengineering, vlsidesign, lowpowermemorycircuits, nmos transistors, pmos transistors, mos process parameters, cmos process parameters, cmos electrical properties, cmos device modeling, scaling principles, fundamental limits, cmos inverter scaling, cmos propagation delays, stick diagram, cmos layout diagrams. Sequential circuits consist of a combinational circuit to which storage elements are connected to form a feedback path specified by a time sequence of inputs, outputs, and internal states two types of sequential circuits. A sequential circuit combinational logic circuit that consists of inputs variable x, logic gates computational circuit, and output variable z combinational circuit produces an output based on input variable only, but sequential circuit produces an output based on current input and previous input variables. It introduces the basic tools for design with combinational and sequential digital logic and state machines. Binary counters simple design b bits can count from 0 to 2b. Srinivasan, department of electrical engineering, iit madras for more details on nptel visit. Sample of the study material part of chapter 5 combinational. Easy to build using jk flipflops use the jk 11 to toggle. Vlsi design low power memory circuits exam study material. Asynchronous circuits that can change the state immediately when enabled. Input signals change one at a time and only when the circuit is in the stable state. Digital electronics state assignment exam study material for.
Sequential circuits until now, circuits were combinational when inputs change, the outputs change after a while time logic delay thru circuit combinational circuit inputs outputs we want the clock to act like a start and stop signal a latch is a storage device that stores its inputs at a rising clock edge and. Consist of a combinational circuit to which storage elements are connected to form a feedback path. Dec 17, 2007 40 videos play all electronics digital circuits and systems nptelhrd for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Digital electronics part i combinational and sequential logic. Vlsi design low power memory circuits exam study material for. Countingincrementing a number requires memory to accomplish steps to design sequential circuits.
Nptel syllabus digital circuits and systems video course 1. Srinivasan, department of electrical engineering, iit madras for more details on nptel. Vhdl programming for sequential circuits tutorialspoint. Now if d changes its value while clk 1, since r 0, we will still have z 1 and it will not change the value of r. First, well see how to analyze and describe sequential circuits. In sequential circuits, the \state of the circuit is crucial in determining the output values. Digital circuits department of electrical engineering, iit bombay. Pdf be8251 basic electrical and electronics engineering. We will learn the basics of combinational as well as sequential logic. A synchronous sequential circuit usually has a clock pulse clocked sequential circuits. Download be8251 basic electrical and electronics engineering lecture notes, books, syllabus parta 2 marks with answers be8251 basic electrical and electronics engineering important partb 16 marks questions, pdf books, question bank with answers key.
In this course material we design and analyze only synchronous sequential logic. Two useful states s1, r0 set state q will become to 1. Digital circuits and systems nptel online videos, courses iit. Srinivasan, department of electrical engineering, iit madras. Flip flop is a sequential circuit which generally samples its inputs and changes its outputs only. Asynchronous sequential circuit these circuit do not use a clock signal but uses the pulses of the inputs.
Lecture 24 design of synchronous sequential circuits. Sequential logic sequential circuits simple circuits with feedback latches edgetriggered flipflops timing methodologies cascading flipflops for proper operation clock skew asynchronous inputs metastability and synchronization basic registers shift registers simple counters hardware description languages and sequential logic. Srinivasan, department of electrical engineering, iit madras for more details on nptel visit nptel. That means sequential circuits include memory elements which are capable of. Asynchronous asynchronous sequential circuits internal states can change at any.
Sequential circuits a sequential circuit consists of a combinational circuit and a feedback through the storage elements in the circuit. Design methodology, system modeling, hardwaresoftware codesign. Structural design of sequential circuits better understanding and a better choice of states, the same problem might well be trivial. Types of sequential circuits there are two types of sequential circuit. The behavior is dependent on the arrangement of the input signal that changes continuously over time, and the output can be a change at any time clockless. Difference between combinational and sequential circuits, flip flops, counters, shift registers and pla. For a given input combination, a sequential circuit may produce different. Digital circuits and systems online course video lectures by. Sequential circuits the combinational circuit does not use any memory. Latches sr latch, d latch, flip flops d flip flop, jk flip flop, t flip. Module outcomes 1 able to draw state diagrams 2 sequential circuit design and analysis able to analyze synchronous sequential.
These circuits are faster than synchronous sequential circuits because there is clock pulse and change their state immediately when there is a change in the. If d 0 when clk becomes 1, r changes to 0 since s 1, z 1, clk 1 and this resets the flipflop, making q 0. Ripple counter increased delay as in ripplecarry adders delay proportional to the number of bits. Not practical for use in synchronous sequential circuits. Output is a function of both the present state and the input. Digital electronics state assignment exam study material. Definition of state machines, state machine as a sequential controller. Sequential circuits the digital circuits we have seen so far gates, multiplexer, demultiplexer, encoders, decoders are combinatorial in nature, i. Sequential logic enables us to do more with less components. Next states and outputs are functions of inputs and present states of storage elements 54 two types of sequential circuits. Sequential circuits outputs depend on present inputs and previous inputs also it contains memory elements for storing previous state inputs examples of sequential circuits are flip flops, counters, shift registers 4. Nptel video lectures, iit video lectures online, nptel youtube lectures.
This chapter explains how to do vhdl programming for sequential circuits. For a given input combination, a sequential circuit may produce di erent output values, depending on its previous state. Computer science and engineering digital systems nptel. It is designed for the undergraduate students pursuing courses in areas of engineering disciplines such as electrical and electronics, electronics and. Digital circuits and systems nptel online videos, courses. Sequential circuits until now, circuits were combinational when inputs change, the outputs change after a while time logic delay thru circuit combinational circuit inputs outputs we want the clock to act like a start and stop signal a latch is a storage device. Synchronous asynchronous primary difference 94 synchronous vs. Lecture 16 introduction to sequential circuits youtube. Digital electronics and logic design tutorials geeksforgeeks. In other words, a sequential circuit has a memory of its past state whereas a combinatorial circuit has no memory. Whereas it is relatively straightforward to describe sequential circuit structure and define applicable engineering. Today well talk about sequential circuit analysis and design. Flip flop is a sequential circuit which generally samples its inputs and changes its outputs only at particular instants of time and not continuously. Srinivasan department of electrical engineeringiit madras.
Hence the previous state of input does not have any effect on the present state of the. But sequential circuit has memory so output can vary based on input. Less hardware or more speed some things cannot be accomplished by combinational logic counter design. Avoid to use latches as possible in synchronous sequential circuits to avoid design problems 58 sr latch. Digital electronics part i combinational and sequential. It is designed for the undergraduate students pursuing courses in areas of engineering disciplines such as electrical and electronics, electronics and communication, electronics and instrumentation. Later, we will study circuits having a stored internal state, i. Arithmetic with number systems, signed and unsigned number systems and their arithmetic.
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